Wax is a classic and timeless finish for furniture that has been used for centuries. It provides a smooth and soft sheen that highlights the beauty of wood without altering its natural color. Wax was first used as a finishing product in the early 18th century and has remained a popular option for finishing furniture ever since. In this blog post, we’ll explore the history, types, and application of wax in furniture finishing.
The history of waxing furniture dates back to the 16th century when European craftsmen began to develop new and innovative finishing techniques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, waxed finishes were known to have been used in English country homes and French chateaus. In those times, wax was primarily used as a barrier layer against moisture and dust.
There are two primary types of waxes that are used in furniture finishing – natural wax and mineral wax. Natural waxes are made from natural materials like beeswax, carnauba wax, and shellac wax. Mineral waxes are made from synthetic materials like paraffin wax and petroleum wax. There are different blends of waxes available in the market that can be customized according to the needs of the furniture.
Natural waxes are preferred for their viscosity and moldability. They blend well with other natural oils and are easy to clean up. The two most common natural waxes used in furniture finishing are beeswax and carnauba wax.
Beeswax is an organic wax made by bees. It is a soft wax that is easy to apply and provides an excellent finish. Beeswax-based products have a slight yellow tint and are preferred for antique or rustic furniture. They can also be mixed with turpentine oil or linseed oil to add durability and shine.
Carnauba wax is extracted from the leaves of the Brazilian palm tree. It is known for being one of the hardest natural waxes and is often used in commercial applications. Carnauba wax-based products have a natural gray-white color and are preferred for modern and contemporary furniture. They are highly durable and provide a water-resistant finish.
Mineral waxes are preferred for their consistency and low cost. They can be used to mimic the effects of natural waxes while providing a more consistent finish. Paraffin wax and petroleum wax are the two most common mineral waxes used in furniture polishing.
Paraffin wax is a byproduct of petroleum and is known for being inexpensive and easy to apply. It is often blended with other materials to improve its consistency and durability. Petroleum wax is a synthetic wax that is highly durable and provides a uniform finish. Mineral waxes are not as environmentally friendly as natural waxes and should be handled with proper ventilation.
When applying wax to furniture, it is important to first remove any dirt or debris from the surface using a soft cloth. Then, apply the wax evenly using a wax brush or cloth. Be sure to follow the directions on the product packaging for best results. Leave the wax to dry for at least an hour before buffing the surface with a clean, dry cloth. A gentle buffing motion will help create a smooth finish and bring out the natural sheen of the wood.
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